基于梯度方向二值模式特征的飞机翼尖跟踪技术

研究基于视频图像分析与定位的飞机翼尖跟踪技术,为飞机地面移动提供安全保障.现有图像特征进行翼尖跟踪经常失效且计算效率低下,本文结合纹理和轮廓信息,提出以梯度方向二值模式( OG_ LBP)为特征的粒子滤波跟踪算法,降低特征维数的同时建立局部和全局的翼尖特征直方图描述,提高识别效果.同时,该算法在粒子滤波基本框架之下,结...     

基于相对导航的多平台INS误差联合修正方法

在机群协同编队飞行中,编队成员仅装载惯性导航系统(INS)的方式具有隐蔽、抗干扰等明显的优势,但随着航时的增加,INS误差将不断累积.使导航系统失效,为此,提出基于相对导航的多平台INS误差联合修正方法.首先,建立了编队成员相对导航运动模型及非线性观测模型,采用量测重构技术构造了伪线性观测模型并推导了观测噪声协方差矩阵...     

改进故障隔离的容错联邦滤波

为了解决重置模式下联邦滤波器中子系统故障对导航系统污染的问题,提出利用故障检测函数构建时变量测噪声的容错联邦滤波结构。通过将故障子滤波器等价为量测噪声趋于无穷大的正常系统,来取代传统的故障隔离方法;推导出了子滤波器对应的最优估计值,用以消除子滤波器估计次优性对故障检测的影响;采用动态信息分配系数,以减少故障信息对全局估计的影响。采用惯性/天文/景象/地形(INS/CNS/SMNS/TERCOM)的组合导航系统进行了仿真验证,结果表明该容错联邦滤波方法在子系统发生故障时的估计性能优于故障隔离方法。因此,所提方法具有提高故障子滤波器精度、保证无故障子滤波器鲁棒性以及全局估计精度的优势,具有较高的实用价值。     

基于ANFIS的智能导航自适应滤波算法研究

智能导弹等智能化飞行器在快速跨域、高速机动飞行时,由于传感器切换、外形改变等因素,会对组合导航信息融合系统引入随机非Gauss噪声等影响,离线优化的参数往往不能满足滤波器精度的需求。自适应网络模糊推理系统ANFIS是一种将人工神经网络和模糊推理技术相结合而成,符合人类认知特点的决策方法,它可以对导航数据进行学习,实现智能决策、实时修改滤波器内部参数,对滤波器进行优化。仿真结果表明,基于ANFIS优化的智能导航自适应滤波算法可以有效减少噪声和干扰带来的影响,提高导航精度。     

高超声速滑翔目标自适应跟踪方法

针对机动模式复杂多变的高超声速滑翔目标跟踪问题，提出了一种机动频率自适应跟踪方法。采用介于常速度和常加速度模型之间的Singer模型来表征目标气动力加速度的变化，从而建立跟踪系统的状态方程。根据地基雷达量测量获得系统的量测方程，鉴于距离和角度信息的量级相差较大将其由球形量测量转换为位置量测量。为了适应高超声速滑翔目标灵活多样的机动模式，基于正交性原理和无迹卡尔曼滤波算法实现了Singer模型中机动频率参数的自适应。利用滤波信息计算得到能够反映状态模型误差大小的调整因子，用于放大Singer模型中的机动频率，进而调整状态方程的过程噪声以降低模型误差。通过对2种典型机动轨迹的跟踪仿真，并与交互式多模型等方法进行比较，结果表明所提方法的跟踪精度高、计算量小，能够较好地适应阶跃机动和连续幅值变化的机动。     

Real-time object tracking via least squares transformation in spatial and Fourier domains for unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper addresses the problem of real-time object tracking for unmanned aerial vehicles. We consider the task of object tracking as a classification problem. Training a good classifier always needs a huge number of samples, which is always time-consuming and not suitable for realtime applications. In this paper, we transform the large-scale least-squares problem in the spatial domain to a series of small-scale least-squares problems with constraints in the Fourier domain using the correlation filter technique. Then, this problem is efficiently solved by two stages. In the first stage, a fast method based on recursive least squares is used to solve the correlation filter problem without constraints in the Fourier domain. In the second stage, a weight matrix is constructed to prune the solution attained in the first stage to approach the constraints in the spatial domain. Then, the pruned classifier is used for tracking. To evaluate proposed tracker's performance, comprehensive experiments are conducted on challenging aerial sequences in the UAV123 dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that proposed approach achieves a state-ofthe-art tracking performance in aerial sequences and operates at a mean speed of beyond 40 frames/s. For further analysis of proposed tracker's robustness, extensive experiments are also performed on recent benchmarks OTB50, OTB100, and VOT2016.     

双轴连续旋转调制捷联惯导系统大失准角初始对准技术

由于可以补偿惯性器件在三个轴向上的输出误差，双轴旋转调制技术被广泛应用于捷联惯导系统(SINS)。选择了一种合理且实用的十六次序双轴转位方案，并对其调制原理和误差进行了分析。初始对准技术是捷联惯导系统的一项重要技术，其对准精度直接决定了后续导航的精度。在粗对准完成后，当姿态误差角较大时，后续的精对准误差模型呈非线性特性，故选择了滤波精度高、稳定性强的平方根容积Kalman滤波算法(SCKF)来解决这一问题。考虑到在实际对准过程中，量测噪声的统计特性易发生变化，将SCKF算法与Sage-Husa算法相结合，在传统Sage-Husa SCKF算法的基础上提出了一种改进的自适应滤波算法(ASCKF)。该算法采用QR分解来完成对噪声协方差的平方根矩阵估计，从而避免了传统Sage-Husa SCKF算法中所估噪声协方差矩阵不正定的问题。最后，通过仿真证实了ASCKF算法可被很好地应用于量测噪声统计特性发生变化的初始对准中。     

三浮陀螺伺服测试误差系数估计方法

为了更好地解决工程实际中三浮陀螺极轴伺服测试时误差系数估计问题,采用了Kalman滤波和递推最小二乘的方法.试验结果证明,Kalman滤波方法能够有效地估计出极轴伺服测试时的陀螺误差系数.用统计检验的方法分析了该模型以及各系数的显著性,结果显示对Dvz和Dzz的估计是显著的.     

控制系统模拟信号处理方法研究

模拟量采集精度对控制系统具有重要意义.研究了模拟量采集过程的软件设计流程,层次划分和模型,从传感器AD值到模拟量物理值之间不同处理阶段给出了常用方法描述.针对错误处理详细描述了错误诊断方法.最后将模拟量采集软件应用于某发动机模拟量采集中,通过试验进行模拟量测量值和软件输出值对比计算,结果表明此模拟量采集软件输出模拟量精度均在有效范围内.     

A cost driven predictive maintenance policy for structural airframe maintenance

Airframe maintenance is traditionally performed at scheduled maintenance stops.The decision to repair a fuselage panel is based on a fixed crack size threshold,which allows to ensure the aircraft safety until the next scheduled maintenance stop.With progress in sensor technology and data processing techniques,structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are increasingly being considered in the aviation industry.SHM systems track the aircraft health state continuously,lead ing to the possibility of planning maintenance based on an actual state of aircraft rather than on a fixed schedule.This paper builds upon a model-based prognostics framework that the authors developed in their previous work,which couples the Extended Kalman filter (EKF) with a first order perturbation (FOP) method.By using the information given by this prognostics method,a novel cost driven predictive maintenance (CDPM) policy is proposed,which ensures the aircraft safety while minimizing the maintenance cost.The proposed policy is formally derived based on the trade-off between probabilities of occurrence of scheduled and unscheduled maintenance.A numerical case study simulating the maintenance process of an entire fleet of aircrafts is imple mented.Under the condition of assuring the same safety level,the CDPM is compared in terms of cost with two other maintenance policies:scheduled maintenance and threshold based SHM maintenance.The comparison results show CDPM could lead to significant cost savings.